Spectrum
Action button
Action buttons allow users to perform an action or mark a selection. They’re used for similar, task-based options within a workflow, and are ideal for interfaces where buttons aren’t meant to draw a lot of attention.
Table of contents#
Anatomy#
Options#
Label#
Action buttons should have a label whenever possible for accessibility. If a label isn’t present, it must include an icon and it becomes an icon-only action button.
Icon#
An action button can have an optional icon. If a label isn’t used, it becomes icon-only and must include an icon. Icon-only action buttons are best for very simple actions and should always include tooltips on hover to provide more context for the icon.
Size#
Action buttons come in four different sizes: small, medium, large, and extra-large. The medium size is the default and most frequent option. Use the other sizes sparingly; they should be used to create a hierarchy of importance within the page.
Quiet#
By default, action buttons have a visible background. This style works best in a dense array of controls where the background helps to separate action buttons from the surrounding container, or to give visibility to isolated buttons.
Alternatively, quiet action buttons can have no visible background until they’re interacted with. This style works best when a clear layout (vertical stack, table, grid) makes it easy to parse the buttons. Too many quiet components in a small space can be hard to read.
Selected#
An action button can have a selected state to allow for toggling — not only for taking a direct action. This can be used to disclose parts of an interface, such as for showing or hiding panels.
Emphasis#
By default, action buttons are not emphasized. This is optimal for when an action button is not the core part of an interface, such as in application panels, where all the visual components are monochrome in order to direct focus to the content.
The emphasized action button has a blue background for its selected state in order to provide a visual prominence that meets the accessible color contrast ratio. This is optimal for when the selection should call attention, such as within a tool bar.
Hold icon#
An action button can have a hold icon (a small corner triangle). This icon indicates that holding down the action button for a short amount of time can reveal a popover menu, which can be used, for example, to switch between related actions.
Disabled#
An action button in a disabled state shows that an action exists, but is not available in that circumstance. This state can be used to maintain layout continuity and to communicate that an action may become available later.
Table of options#
From the design point of view, each component has a number of options. These options and their names are platform agnostic, and each implementation should adapt these to fit into their framework.
| Property | Values | Default Value |
|---|---|---|
| label | text / nothing When the label is not defined, the action button appears as icon-only. | – |
| icon | icon / nothing Icon must be present if the label is not defined. | nothing |
| size | small / medium / large / extra-large | medium |
| is quiet | yes / no | no |
| is selected | yes / no | no |
| is emphasized | yes / no | no |
| has hold icon | yes / no | no |
| is disabled | yes / no | no |
Behaviors#
Text overflow#
When the action button text is too long for the available horizontal space, it truncates at the end. The full text should be revealed with a tooltip on hover.
Keyboard focus#
An action button can be navigated using a keyboard. The keyboard focus state takes the button’s visual hover state and changes the border to a 2 px blue border. For an emphasized action button that is selected, the keyboard focus state adds a blue ring to the button in focus.
Windows high contrast mode#
In Windows high contrast mode, action buttons should be displayed using the high contrast theme-specified colors for buttons. By default, borders and icons should be the same color as the button text color. Quiet action buttons do not have a border in default and disabled states. In hover and keyboard focus states, a border should display as the button border color. In the disabled state, border, icon, and text color should display as the disabled color.
Usage guidelines#
Use tooltips#
Icon-only action buttons can be hard to identify. They should always show a tooltip upon hovering for a short period of time, displaying the name and possibly a keyboard shortcut.
Isolated action buttons#
If you have an icon-only or text-only isolated action button, use the standard style to make sure it’s more easily identifiable as a button.
Only group related actions with a hold icon#
When using a hold icon to switch actions, only group the actions that are part of the same family. Don't group unrelated actions just for the sake of saving space.
Respect hold icon placement#
In left-to-right interfaces, the hold icon is always in the bottom right corner of the action button. It's a symbolic indicator that shows that a popover menu will appear on hold. Don't change the placement of the hold icon based on the design of the interface.
Internationalization#
RTL#
For RTL (right-to-left) languages, the layout of the action button is mirrored. The icon is placed on the right side of the text and the hold icon is placed on the left side of the icon.
Keyboard interactions#
When an action button does not feature a hold icon:
| Key | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Space or Enter | Executes the action. The focus remains on the button except if the button opens or closes the current container. In this case, the focus moves to the target or back to the caller. |
When an action button features a hold icon:
| Key | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Enter | Executes the action. The focus remains on the button except if the button opens or closes the current container. In this case, the focus moves to the target or back to the caller. |
| Space | Opens the popover menu. |
| Alt + Down Arrow | Opens the popover menu. |
Changelog#
| Date | Number | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sep 15, 2020 | 6.0.0 |
|
| Feb 26, 2020 | 5.2.1 |
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| Aug 22, 2019 | 5.2.0 |
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| Aug 13, 2019 | 5.1.0 |
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| Jul 31, 2019 | 5.0.1 |
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| Apr 20, 2019 | 5.0.0 |
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Design checklist#
All interactive states
Includes all interactive states that are applicable (hover, down, focus, keyboard focus, disabled).
All color themes
Works properly across all four color themes (lightest, light, dark, darkest).
All platform scales
Includes a desktop scale (UWP, macOS, web desktop) and a mobile scale (iOS, Android, web mobile).
Accessible use of color
Color is not used as the only visual means of conveying information (WCAG 2.0 1.4.1).
Accessible contrast for text
Text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for small text and at least 3:1 for large text (WCAG 2.0 1.4.3).
Accessible contrast for UI components
Visual information required to identify components and states (except inactive components) has a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 (WCAG 2.1 1.4.11).
Content design
UI language and information design considerations have been incorporated into component design.
Defined options
Includes relevant options (variant, style, size, orientation, optional iconography, decorations, selection, error state, etc.)
Defined behaviors
Includes guidelines for keyboard focus, layout (wrapping, truncation, overflow), animation, interactions, etc.
Usage guidelines
Includes a list of dos and don'ts that highlight best practices and common mistakes.
Writing guidelines
Includes content standards or usage guidelines for how to write or format in-product content for the component.
Internationalization guidelines
Works properly across various locales and includes guidelines for bi-directionality (RTL).
Keyboard interactions
Follows WCAG 2.0 standards for keyboard accessibility guidelines and includes a description of the keyboard interactions.
Design tokens
All design attributes (color, typography, layout, animation, etc.) are available as design tokens.
UI kit
Includes a downloadable XD file that shows multiple options, states, color themes, and platform scales.
Generated UI kit
Includes a downloadable XD file, generated by code using design tokens defined in Spectrum DNA, and shows multiple options, states, color themes, and platform scales.
In Spectrum for Adobe XD plugin
Component is included in the Spectrum for Adobe XD plugin.
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